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Showing posts with label schools. Show all posts
Showing posts with label schools. Show all posts

Planasker School District

Wm Kerr
Planasker School
PLANASKER SCHOOL DISTRICT.
(Marvig and Calbost,)
Population last Census, 303 (Males, 194: Females, 199).

THE sons of Park hold a proud position in the annals of the Great War. In the far-flung battle line were to be found gallant lads from the isolated villages of Marvig and Calbost. Old boys were there also from Australia, Chili, America, and one brave Canadian, Alick Morrison, 20 Marvig, remains at rest on a hard-won field.

Prompt to answer the call, the first great shock of arms found them ready, and Mons medals are now no rarity in the above villages. Among the earliest to give up their lives were Rod. Kennedy (Murdo), Neil Morrison (John), and Dugald Kennedy (Donald). In less stirring times these brave boys would have been at school , but two of them sailed away in the "Clan Macnaughton" and now sleep in the grey waters of the North Sea. Rod. Kennedy was the son of an old warrior, and died for home and country on a well-fought field. Thus in the spirit of Lewismen, fathers, sons and brothers went forth to face the foe, while all the world wondered. What of the homes ? During these dreaded years 1914-1918 there was that quiet resignation to God's will, which has ever been the birthright of Lewis maids and mothers.

Anxiety there certainly was, when news of battle came, and when wounded heroes paid a flying visit to their homes they were received with a deep, quiet joy which was sometimes pathetic. The  sparkling eye of the mother, of the sister, of a loved one, dimmed for a moment by tears, spoke volumes, but there was no holding back. Duty called and all obeyed.

On the School Roll of Honour there are 70 names placed as follows : —
R.N.R. and other sea units—43.
Seaforths and other land units—27.

The Regiments represented were—Seaforths, 6 ; Camerons, 5 ; Gordons, 1 ; Canadians, 6; Australians, 1 ; Chili, 1 ; American Navy, 1 ; A. & S. Highlanders, 1 ; Life Guards, 1 : Labour Corps, 3 ; Scottish Rifles, 1.

Among the soldiers 12 were wounded, some three times, and 4 lost their lives, while one is reported missing, Rod. Finlayson (Roshen), now presumed dead.

Among the sailors 5 brave lads lost their lives at sea. Three spent the long years in Holland. One remained all the time in Germany, and one, Ian (Alick) Mackenzie, went down with the "Iolaire." Another Marvig lad, Rod. Finlayson, was on board that ill-fated ship, but he escaped. While death and wounds came to some the honours of war were not awanting among the gallant band of lads belonging to Planasker.

Sergt. Murdo Macfarlane, 10 Marvig, and C.S.M. Murdo Morrison, 9 Calbost, both won the Military Medal for conspicuous bravery in the field.

Probably no other men since the Crusades of old have run such a gamut

of most disastrous chances;
Of moving- accidents by flood and field;
Of hairbreadth 'scapes i' the imminent deadly breach
Of being taken by the insolent foe.

Prompt to the call of duty they faced the foe ; they prevailed, and some sleep away from borne.

They quit them like heroes and
every man a King.

Planasker Schoolhouse.
WM. KERR.

Kershader School District

A. J. Macmillan
Kershader School
KERSHADER SCHOOL DISTRICT.
(Habost, Kershader, Garyvard and Caversta.)
Population last Census, 366 (Males, 183 ; Females, 183).

ON the outbreak of war in August, 1914, 41 men from this School District, which comprises the villages of Caverstay, Garyvard, Kershader, and Habost, were already attached to various units of the Services, and were immediately mobilised. Others began to join up with the first call for men by Lord Kitchener, and the number of men serving finally totalled 106. This is slightly over 30 per cent, of the population, and nearly 59 per cent, of the total male population. They were almost equally distributed between the land and sea forces, 51 of them being connected with the Navy and 55 with the Army.

They were drawn from various parts of the country and of the Empire. Several were Canadians, two came from Australia, and one from far New Zealand. One man travelled all the way from South America to join up. There was one man in the U.S. Navy, and another in the Canadian Navy.

They saw service in almost every theatre of operations on land and sea, in the battlefields of France and Flanders, in Gallipoli, in Salonica, in Mesopotamia and Syria. They took part in most of the Naval operations. The Dogger Bank the fight of the Carmania, the battle of the Falklands, the Ostend and Zeebrugge operations, and the Dardanelles, to mention a few, are names that will conjure up stirring memories in the breasts of many of our sailors ; and no less stirring are the memories of those who, by their unceasing vigilance, kept the sea routes open to our commerce amid the terrors and the hidden dangers of the mine and the submarine. What an entrancing tale each has to tell if space could but permit.

The list includes the names of many who received promotion, several being non-commissioned officers, mates, leading seamen and gunners, and one Warrant Officer, R.N. Two of the outstanding names on the list are Major Donald Macleod, and his brother Captain K. K. Macleod. The latter was awarded the Military Cross for the part he played in storming the Hohenzollern Redoubt. The wound he then received incapacitated him for further service, and thus a military career of great promise was prematurely brought to a close. Other decorations were the D.S.M. for Roderick Macdonald, 6 Kershader, for the sinking of a German submarine, and the R.R.C. for Sister Annabella N. Macleod, 5 Kershader, who saw a very great deal of service in the Casualty Clearing Stations in France. A number of men have a claim to the Mons Star and other war medals.

The number of fatalities was 17, being 16 per cent, of those serving, and the announcement of each was received with deep sorrow and sympathy by the whole community. They were all young and in their prime, and many of them were mere boys. Three of them were married, one of whom left a young family of eight, all of them below 16. Three men were lost in the ill-starred "Iolaire," on the dreadful morning of the 1st of January, 1919. These were Angus Montgomery, 2 Garyvard ; Alex. Macleod, 1 Garyvard, and Angus Mackinnon, 4 Caverstay. Even then the list was not complete.

Another blow was yet to fall, for intimation was received by Mr Donald Macleod, 2 Habost, that his youngest son, Malcolm, who was then being expected home demobilised, was accidentally killed in Beja Hospital, Hungary, on 9th July, 1919. This was felt to be one of the most distressing fatalities of the war, and the hearts of all went out in sympathy to the bereaved family who had thus lost a second son in the war.

And what of those who were left at home—the fathers and mothers, the wives and brothers and sisters ? Will the memory of those days ever depart from them ? Can they ever erase from their memories the weary vigil, the long drawn out days and nights of anxiety and anguish, the fluctuating hopes and fears, and the hopes for ever abandoned? Truly, their lot was none too easy to bear.

Balallan School District

Angus Macdonald
Balallan School
BALALLAN SCHOOL DISTRICT.
Population last Census, 560 (Males, 263 ; Females, 297).

AS almost three years of the Great War had elapsed before the writer was transferred to this School District it is feared full justice can hardly be given to all noteworthy cases. But what has been gleaned from local sources is herein set forth : —
Out of a population of 560 the number who saw service in the different theatres of war from this School District was 70, or 26.6 per cent, of males. 16 men fell, or 22.8 per cent, of those engaged. The first to fall was Pte. George Mackenzie, 46 Balallan, who was killed in action on 11th November, 1914.

Of the heroes who paid the supreme sacrifice perhaps one case stands out prominently amongst the others, in virtue of his comparative youth—that of Donald Sneddon, reared by his grandmother (Widow Marion Macleod, No. 39a) who was in the trenches at the astonishingly early age of 14 years ! and paid the supreme sacrifice shortly after his fifteenth birthday !

Perhaps of all the district's cases of crushing losses (in point of number) that of the above Widow Marion Macleod, No. 39a, is pre-eminent—three sons and above grandson having fallen. It may be mentioned
that on the last (and fourth) son joining the Colours the aged widow—totally blind—was left alone in the house.

In common with those of other districts several natives answered the "Call to Arms" from foreign  lands— from Canada, South America, and New Zealand. One man, John Macdonald, son of Mr William Macdonald, No. 19, who was second manager of a farm in Rio Gallegos, is known to have sailed home in February, 1917 (in the s.s. "Vine Branch" of Sunderland), at his own expense, purposely to defend his
Country, but unfortunately the ship went down in the Bay of Biscay on 11th April, 1917. He did his bit !

Of the medical profession 1 joined up—Dr K. Mackinnon, son of Mr Kenneth Mackinnon, Halfway House. Of the teaching profession 3 joined up—Lance-Corpl. Norman Mackinnon, Halfway House; Lieut. Malcolm A. Mackinnon, son of Mr Donald Mackinnon, No. 43, and Pte. Aulay Macleod, son of Mr John Macleod, No. 50. One teacher fell—Lce. -Corpl . Norman Mackinnon.

There were three cases of exceptional hardship : —
(1) Widow Marion Macleod (already mentioned) ;
(2) Mr Donald Mackinnon, 43 Balallan, left alone — all three sons serving ;
(3) Pte. James Smith, 44 Balallan ; had to leave house, property, cattle and sheep stock to the four winds of heaven.

To read the daily "war telegrams" was part of everybody's daily programme, and old and young alike got familiar with distant geographical names. The signing of the Armistice on 11th November, 1918, was a great relief. The villagers and school children contributed various sums of money to war charities. The Peace
Celebrations (19th July, 1919), and the complete suspension of all our normal activities for the space of two minutes on 11th November, 1919, at 11 a.m.—with all that this involved—must have made a lasting impression on school children's minds.

Officers from this School District included 2 Lieutenants ; 3 Q.M.S.'s. Decorations— 1 M.C. (Lieut. Neil Macdonald, 14 Balallan) , 2 M.M.'s (Corpl. Angus Mackinnon, Halfway House; and C.S.M. Malcolm A. Mackinnon, 43 Balallan).

The following were awarded the Mons Star : —
Kenneth Macleod, 10 Balallan ; Donald Kennedy, 29 do. ; Angus Morrison, 41 do. , Donald Macaulay, 60 do. : John Mackenzie, 60 (died a prisoner—sent to next-of-kin) ; George Mackenzie (killed —sent to next-of-kin).

The tragic circumstances of the "Iolaire" disaster on the 1st January, 1919 (when hundreds of brave Lewismen met a cruel fate), claiming two victims from this village, may be more fittingly described in the words of the Lewis Gaelic Bard : —

Se la bliadhn' ur thug silleadh shuil
Trom thurs' air Eilean Leodhais
Cha be creach a h-aon a bh'ann
Bho chean gu ceann bha bron
Na'm b'ann sa chath a bhiodh na Treun
Le faomhar gheur nan dorn
Gu h-umhlachd bheiradh iad a' Namh
Ach Bas cha'n fhaigh sinn fhaigh sinn fodh'nn.

ANGUS MACDONALD.
Schoolhouse, Balallan.

Knockiandue School District

Robert Paterson
Knockiandue School
KNOCKIANDUE SCHOOL DISTRICT.
(Laxay and Keose.)
Population last Census, 341 (Males, 171 ; Females, 170).

IN common with other districts in the Island of Lewis, the men of Keose and Laxay rushed to the colours when the foe was at the gates, and helped to carry the Old Flag to victory both on land and sea. Some, who owed their birth to Eilean an Fhraoich, and had left the heather isle in their earlier years for an adopted home across the seas, responded to the call to assist their countrymen in arms, and hurried at the news of battle to live or die for their country's cause.

How little did teachers dream, when they were instructing the boys a few short years ago in the history of a Bannockburn or a Flodden that, in another brief period of time, they themselves would represent the "boys" in greater battles than either of the above-named famous fields.

Though some, alas ! have gone to that bourne from which no traveller returns, and we shall never again clasp on earth the vanished hand, or hear the sound of the voice that is still, may those who have been left behind to mourn their loss, be comforted by the assurance that they died in a noble cause, and that a grateful nation will never forget to provide for themselves, that they may be enabled to weather the future storms of life, as a reward for the sacrifice of their near and dear ones, who have not fallen in vain, but died that we might live.

While we sympathise with those who have borne the heat and burden of the day, and have returned with maimed limbs and broken down systems, we rejoice that they have been spared by a merciful Providence to mingle with their friends at home again; and that they, too, will receive meet provision for the sufferings and trials they have endured.

Now that the great and ghastly war is over, and the Dove of Peace has alighted on the disturbed nations of the earth, we welcome back to "Blighty" her hardy sons of toil ; and pray that they may long be spared to stand a wall of fire around their much-loved isle.

And as the thoughts of those who have been bereft of husband, son, brother, or lover wander across the Channel to their last resting place on the soil of sunny France, may they be cheered by the recollection that their loved ones sleep as peacefully there as they would have done in the old churchyard of their native village ; that their graves will never be forgotten, and will be tended through the years to come by a grateful country, in memory of duty done.

And if, perchance, in future years, a pilgrimage be made by them to a dear one's tomb, whose welcome while on earth ever smiled, and farewell went out sighing, may their grief be assuaged when they realise that their darling like a soldier fell, and died for his King and Country in a righteous cause.

The Roll of Honour for the above-named district, embracing the townships of Keose and Laxay, contains the names of 71, who served at home or at the front—27 from the former, and 44 from the latter.

The majority of those who hailed from the village of Keose belonged to the Royal Naval Reserve in pre-war days, and though some of them were engaged in the Battle of Jutland all came out of it scatheless.

Two joined the land forces, and, sad to relate, paid the supreme sacrifice, viz., Pte. Roderick Smith, aged 24 years, 7th Cameron Highlanders, son of Mr Angus Smith, Sub-Postmaster, and Pte. John Mackay, aged 31 years, son of Mr Donald Mackay. Pte. Smith was a young man of great promise, and of a kind and cheerful disposition. He endeared himself to all with whom he came in contact, and long will his pleasant face and happy smile be remembered among a wide circle of friends.

The latter, who was much esteemed and respected, emigrated to Canada many years ago, but had never returned to the old home. He will be sadly missed by his many friends with whom he parted in the days gone by, alas ! for the last time on earth.

This village has the distinction of having reared a Private who rose to the rank of Colonel, in the person of A. F. Macdonald, son of the late Mr John Macdonald. Colonel Macdonald acted as Assistant Chaplain-General at the front, and thus wielded the weapons of both peace and war. Two of the sons of Laxay also gained distinction, viz., C.S.M. Donald Maciver, Seaforths, son of Mr Donald Maciver, and Corpl. Donald Maciver, 1st Scottish Rifles, son of the late Mr Murdo Maciver.

The former was awarded the M.M. for bravery in the field, in taking command of his battalion at a most critical moment; and the latter, the D.C.M. for "conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty," who, sad to tell, died of his wounds in the hour of victory. Though some from this township also served in the Royal Naval Reserve before the beginning of the war, and also took part in the Battle of Jutland without mishap, the majority joined the Army, and served in different Regiments, out of whom six were killed or died of wounds, and one was drowned.

Their names, &c, in order of decease are as follows: —

1. Angus Mackenzie, aged 21 years ; Cameron Highlanders; son of the late Mr John Mackenzie. This young soldier, who was of a quiet and reserved disposition, and was loved by all who knew him, had a hard share in the war, having suffered from frostbite during the first winter campaign, on recovery from which he was again sent into the firing line, where he received his mortal wound.

2. Corporal Angus Maciver, aged 35 years, Canadian Engineers, son of Mr Angus Maciver. This young Corporal emigrated to Canada 10 years ago, where he worked at his trade, as a bricklayer. A comrade, detailing the sad news of his death to a relative, wrote as follows:—"He was a fine fellow, a good soldier, and was much respected by all his brother N.C.O.'s and men. I miss him very much, as there were only the two of us from the same place."

3. Sergt. Alex. Mackenzie, aged 35 years, Australian Corps, son of Mr Malcolm Mackenzie. This young Sergeant, who was a carpenter in Australia at the outbreak of the war, was an affectionate son and brother, and was held in high estimation by all. He was missing for some time, which naturally caused deep anxiety to his relatives, and in the end the sad news arrived that he had died a prisoner of war in the hands of the Germans.

4. Pte. Donald Morrison, aged 23 years, Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers, son of Mr Donald Morrison. He was of an unassuming and inoffensive nature, and a youth whose memory will ever be kept green. His service at first in the Navy, which brought on his ill-health, led him on recovery to the Army, where he met with his sad yet glorious end.

5. Corporal Donald Maciver, aged 27, 1st Scottish Rifles, son of the late Mr Murdo Maciver. When a boy at school Corporal Maciver gave evidence of future promise, and was of a quiet and orderly disposition. He had a kind and lovable nature, and displayed more than average ability in all he undertook. Owing to the severe nature of his wounds he was unable to be presented with his D.C.M. He received the riband, however, and the Medal was sent to his brother, Roderick Maciver, after his decease.

6. Sergt. George Macdonald, aged 30 years, Howitzer Bty., Canadian Field Artillery, son of the late Mr John Macdonald. Many old schoolmates, both at home and abroad, will remember the happy face of this young Sergeant, who seemed to have been cut out for a soldier. He was of athletic build, and of a military bearing, even when a boy, and was a strapping youth over six feet in height as a Sergeant.

7. Pte. John Macleod, aged 24 years, R.N.R. (Trawler Section), son of Mr Colin Macleod. This young seaman was the only victim from the district of the "Iolaire" disaster, on the New Year's morn of 1919. After many weary days of anxious waiting, his body was recovered from the wreck, and buried in his native churchyard. A young man of prepossessing appearance, and of a kind and cheerful nature, he endeared himself to everyone who made his acquaintance ; and his beaming smile, shared by all, made him a general favourite. The large concourse of mourners who attended his burial gave ample evidence of the deep respect and esteem in which he was held, and of the compassion evinced by the shedding of a flower in bloom. Had it not been that a large number of the Royal Naval Reservists arrived by the "Sheila" the same morning, or the previous one, it is most likely a much heavier human toll would have been exacted from both townships.

There were three narrow escapes from drowning, viz., that of Alex Mackenzie, R.N.R., son of the late Mr Colin Mackenzie, when the "Hermes" was torpedoed ; and of the cousins John Macleod, R.N.R., son of the late Mr Fergus Macleod, also of the same warship, and Malcolm Macleod, leading seaman, R.N.R., son of the late Mr Malcolm Macleod. in the "Iolaire" disaster.

On the female side of the picture, Catherine Maciver, daughter of Mr John Maciver, who at one time was a nurse in the Hospital at Stornoway, had the honour of shaking hands with the Queen and the Princess Mary, on her departure for strvice as a nurse in France. Peggy Macleod, daughter of Mr Malcolm Macleod, joined the Women's Auxiliary Corps as a clerkess. She was an old pupil of Knockiandue Public School, and an Intermediate Bursar at the Nicolson Institute, Stornoway, before the outbreak of the war.

ROBERT PATERSON.
The Schoolhouse, Keose

Leurbost School District

Donald Gunn
Leurbost Schoolhouse
LEURBOST SCHOOL DISTRICT.
Population last Census, 673 (Males, 320: Females, 353).

LEURBOST, in common with the other villages of Lewis, has just cause to be proud of the share taken by her gallant sons in the memorable struggle with a fierce and unscrupulous foe. At the first call in August, 1914, fully one hundred men rushed to the post of duty, and in a short time over 140 were in arms. There was hardly a single family without a representative doing duty for King and Country. The appeal for recruits did not fall on deaf ears, every fit man volunteered for service from the very start, and so eager were the young lads to do their bit, that when rejected by the military authorities, owing to the fact of being under 18 years of age, they at once enrolled in the Naval forces.

Nothing could be finer than the magnificent rally to the Colours of natives resident in distant parts of the world. From the four corners of the earth they came, almost to a man, to join their brothers in the trenches and on the high seas. All honour to these heroes, who, in the hour of Britain's need, "scorned delights to live laborious days."

Equally worthy of mention is the part played by the men who manned the merchant ships, braving the dangers of mine and submarine, and to "keep the home fires burning," they would not be intimidated by the frightfulness of the Huns.

Our losses, in dead and wounded, are commensurate with the number on service—twenty-eight (20 per cent.) having fallen. One family (Mrs Roderick Mackenzie, 25 Leurbost) lost three sons, Murdo and Kenneth Smith and John Mackenzie (step-son). Mrs Donald Mackenzie, 16 Leurbost, mourns the loss of two sons, John and Alexander, both drowned in the wreck of the "Iolaire," in which no fewer than 11 lives were lost, the other nine being : —

Alexander Mackenzie and Allan Macleod, both No. 11 ;
Kenneth Smith, No. 28;
Donald Smith, No. 34;
Donald Maclean, No. 35 ;
Roderick Macdonald, No. 36;
Murdo Maclean, No. 39 ;
Angus Macdonald, No. 42; and
Angus Macleod, No. 46.

Three Leurbost men passed weary months and years as prisoners of war in Germany, and one of them, Donald Nicolson, died in hospital there. He was in the fighting line at the commencement of hostilities and fell into the hands of the enemy in December, 1914.

Sergt. Donald N. Mackinnon, Seaforth Highlanders, was awarded the Military Medal, and Lance-Sergeant Malcolm Macleod, also of the county regiment, received the Italian Order of Merit.

Early in the war Mrs Donald Macdonald, 42 Leurbost, had the misfortune to lose two sons—Murdo, in the naval fight off Jutland, and Peter, in the advance to the relief of Kut, Mesopotamia.

Schoolhouse, Leurbost.

Fidigarry School District

FIDIGARRY SCHOOL DISTRICT.
(Raerinish and Crossbost.)
Population last Census, 780 (Males, 379; Females, 401)

THIS district includes the townships of Raerinish and Crossbost. The total number of men who saw service during the war was 232 or nearly 30 per cent, of the population as at last census. The fatalities amounted in Raerinish to 28 and in Crossbost to 10, or 18.8, and 12 per cent, respectively of the men engaged.

There were five cases of families having five sons each on service at the same time. These were the sons of the late Duncan Macleod, 7 Raerinish, the late Angus Macleod, 1 Raerinish ; the late John Macleod, 18 Raerinish ; the late Torquil Macleod, 42 Raerinish, whose two sons-in-law were engaged, and Murdo Mackinnon, 8 Raerinish.

One of the most distressing deaths was that of John Macieod, 33 Raerinish, of the Royal Navy, and, at the outbreak of the war a Coastguardsman at Stornoway, who was bayonetted by a sentinel at North Berwick through some mischance in the early months of the War. John Macleod was one who impressed all with whom he came in contact as a sailor who typified in an extraordinary degree the dauntless spirit of the British Navy. Other losses quickly followed. A Raerinish man, Kenneth Macleod, 7 Raerinish, fell in the duel between the "Carmania" and the "Cap Trafalgar," and a Crossbost man, Alex. Mackenzie, 4 Crossbost, was the first man of the Lewis Mountain Battery to fall.

As the war went on men who had been born in the district joined up from North America, South America, and Australia.

It was touching to read letters from some of these to their parents communicating their intention, and explaining that they considered it their duty to "do their bit." Long may our country breed such sons ! As remarkable a case as any of these was that of Roderick Thomson, 29 Raerinish, who left Fidigary School in September at the age of fourteen, entered the Nicolson Institute, obtained the Intermediate
Certificate in April, joined the Army three months later, and in three months more was in the trenches in France at the age of fifteen.

Several men belonging to the district were interned in Holland at the time of the capture of Antwerp by the Germans, four more at least were prisoners in Germany, two of whom were forced to work in the trenches on the German front against the Russians. Another of the four made his escape from Germany to Holland, at the third attempt, and just prior to the Armistice. This was Murdo Macmillan, 17 Crossbost, and he was accompanied by an Australian and a Londoner. They travelled by night and hid by day, and after suffering many hardship succeeded in getting across the frontier. The fourth, who was a wounded prisoner, lay for a considerable time in an hospital in Germany, and on his recovery was transferred to Saxony, and there employed under a farmer in agricultural work. His was the most favourable fate, and he succeeded in winning the esteem of the farmer, his wife, and family. He relates how the farmer's wife wept over the dethronement of the Kaiser.

Perhaps the event of the actual war which created the greatest sensation in the district was the first report of the Battle of Jutland. This was natural, seeing our population is, to such a large extent, sea- faring. Second only to this in the effect produced was the near approach to Paris in 1914, and again in 1918.

But the sensation caused by these events, great as they were, paled by comparison with the dumb stupefaction, the utter collapse that took away all men's breath when the tragic story of the loss of the "Iolaire," on the 1st of January, 1919, began to get abroad. What man living in Lewis can ever forget that fatal New Year's morning ! Beautiful and touching in the extreme were the lines "Home at Last," appearing in the following issue of the "Stornoway Gazette," and expressing in fitting language the thoughts that filled all our hearts when that most melancholy of the war's events took place.

It is not possible within the brief space which the editor of this book can allow to enter more fully into details that mainly concern the district, but we may be allowed to express the gratitude which we must all feel to the soldiers and sailors who have returned home for their valiant defence of their country ; our resolve to hold for ever our heroic dead in grateful memory, and by our efforts to establish a nation in righteousness to prove that these sacrifices have not been made in vain ; and our sympathy with their sorrowing friends, whose chief consolation must be that Britain's sons have fallen in as just and noble a cause as any for which a nation ever drew the sword.

A. G. BURNS.
Schoolhouse, Fidigary.

Grimshader School District

GRIMSHADER SCHOOL DISTRICT.
Population last Census, 233 [Males, 109 ; Females, 124).

THE village of Grimshader, with a population of 109 males, gave 42 men to the service of King and Country in the war. As in probably all other districts of the island the great majority served on sea—in the case of Grimshader 37 out of 42. Our men were early in the fight; Malcolm Macdonald (No. 3) and John Mackenzie (No. 12b) took part in the successful action of H.M.S. "Carmania" against the enemy cruiser "Cap Trafalgar" : Evander Macrae (No. 5) and Kenneth Maclean (No. 15) formed part of the crew of H.M.S. "Orama," which was largely composed of Lewismen. They shared in the credit of sinking the German cruiser "Dresden".

Several Grimshader men were in the R.N. Division that rushed to the defence of Antwerp, and three of them were interned in Holland after that city fell. The most noteworthy fact in Grimshader's record is that it alone of all the Lewis villages came through the whole of the war till the Armistice without the loss of a single life. Alas! when an end of hostilities had come, and a feeling of security had taken possession of all hearts, came the "Iolaire" disaster, in which two of our men lost their lives, namely, Malcolm Macleod (No. 3) and John Macaulay (No. 11b).

Achmore School District

ACHMORE SCHOOL DISTRICT.
(Achmore, Lochganvich and Cleascro,)
Population last Census. 202 (Males, 91; Females, 111.)

THIS School District, with a male population of 91, had 27 men on service during the war, a percentage of nearly 30.

It is worthy of note that although the townships in the Achmore area are, among the hundred villages of Lewis, the only ones not situated on or near the sea shore, nearlv half of the men serving were in the Royal Naval Reserve. Another notable fact is that the little band of Achmore men included four Colonials from widely scattered parts of the world, two from Canada, one from South Africa and one from Australia.

Those fighting in the land forces saw service in the various theatres of the war and not a few laid down their lives. Among the war-broken men who returned to their homes an outstanding case is that of Finlay Maclean, 4 Lochganvich, who served with the Black Watch and sustained terrible injures at Salonica. In a night attack he was twice wounded, and had to have his right leg amputated, while his right hand was partly blown away and his left shoulder damaged. Dragging his smashed limb, this hero made his way back over a mile of broken country to the dressing station, and after receiving first aid there, attempted to make further back to the field hospital. He, however, fainted outside the dressing station and was conveyed by a stretcher bearer party to hospital, where his leg had to be amputated.

The district lost seven men, all of them from Achmore village, out of 19 men serving, which must be among the highest percentage of casualties in the Island of Lewis. Croft No. 5 sent three men to the service of the King, and all three laid down their lives, namely, Duncan Mackay, of the Camerons, who was killed in France in December, 1914, his brother John, who served with the Seaforths and died in Mesopotamia in May, 1915 : also their cousin. Donald Smith, who perished in the "Iolaire"-disaster.

West Uig

Malcolm Macleod
Crowlista
WHEN mobilization notices were distributed here in August, 1914, the recipients accepted the summons "to arms" with quiet readiness, but with determination to obey the call of duty, and await the consequences.

As time wore on, and it became patent to all that this country was to be embroiled in a life-and-death struggle against Prussian militarism — the pernicious "Kultur" which meant German world domination, and the tyrannization of the strong over the weak, many more voluntarily offered their services — themselves — in order to prevent the consummation of such a tragedy, and so defend their country and their dear ones from the brutal savagery and oppression of a cruel and merciless foe.

All the villages gave freely and gave of their best. In proportion to its population Crowlista heads the list. The census of 1911 gives the population of Crowlista and Aird as 279. As there was a large influx of people from other parts of the Island at the time of the census returns, these figures are in excess of the actual number of persons resident in the village. Reference to the School District census for 1913—the year prior to the war—shows a population, within the 2-mile limit, of 171. Other 19 persons outside this limit, which comprises the Crowlista district (omitting Aird) makes up a total of 190 (93 males and 97 females). These figures are quite reliable, as they were compiled by the late respected compulsory officer for the district, Mr Malcolm Macritchie, Crowlista. The Roll of Honour for the district of Crowlista is 57. This gives a percentage of 30 for the whole population, and 61.3 for the men—truly a splendid record, one to be proud of and one hard to beat.

Very early in the strife, the actualities of the war began to be felt. In September, 1914, Widow Buchanan, 11 Brenish, got word that her son, Pte. Malcolm John Buchanan, was missing; and in November, Lance- Sergt. John Macdonald, 2 Crowlista, was reported missing. For a time, some faint hopes were entertained that they might be still living, but these hopes were not realised. Confirmation of their death in action came later on. The fall of Antwerp brought an anxious pang to the hearts of many throughout the various townships as 17 of their men were engaged in that fateful expedition. It was soon ascertained that 12 of these had escaped to Holland, where they interned. For some time there were grave fears as to the safety of the other five It afterwards transpired that they were prisoners in Germany. Relief was felt that they were living anywhere -even in Germany.

Valtos received its first great shock in February, 1915, when word came that Seaman Norman Maciver, No. 25, was lost from H.M.S. "Inconstant." During the year, two other Valtos lads fell in France, namely, Pte. Malcolm Mackay, No. 16, and Pte. Kenneth Mackay, No. 34. In April Mr Donald Macleod, Bridgend, Brenish, received news of the death in France of his son, Sergt. Peter Macleod, who, having heard his country's call for help, left America, and joined up early in the war. In May. another splendid soldier—Lce. -Sergt. William Macneil, Carishader, was lost. He had nine years' service in India, where he had won a medal and clasp before coming to Flanders. At Givenchy he won the D.C.M. for gallantry in action, and was also awarded the Russian Cross of the Order of St George. In September of that year the death of Sergt. Donald Macleod, Enaclete, brought sadness to his own family and to his village. In 1916 Kneep lost two fine lads in April and July respectively, viz., Sergt. Donald Macdonald, 4 ; and Pte. John Buchanan, 6. In October Mr Norman Maciver lost his second son during the war.

Till the spring of 1917, Crowlista men were singularly free from dire mishaps. Except that of Lce. -Sergt. John Macdonald, No. 2, early in the war, no deaths were recorded till April of that year when news of the death of Pte. Peter Maclean, Australians, was received. In August came the sad news of Pte. Donald Nicolson's death in hospital in France, "Domhnull Beag," as he was familiarly called, was one of the first who pluckily volunteered to offer his services under Lord Derby's scheme. A brother of his was lost in the "Iolaire" disaster, and another was interned in Holland. There were five brothers in the Service.

Mr Hugh Mackay, 31 Valtos, had also five sons serving. One of them, Q.M.S. Angus Mackay, was accidentally killed in Egypt, and one—Captain John Mackay—served with distinction in the Mercantile Marine Service. He was invalided home with pulmonary trouble and died in January, 1919. Another—Sergt. Donald Mackav—is the holder of the Military Medal. There are several cases in West Uig where four sons were serving out of one family.

The death-roll for 1918 is by far the heaviest of the war, and individual mention of prowess and endurance is impossible within the limited space of these notes. Practically every village lost one or more of its sons before November (Armistice). A peculiar case is that of Seaman Donald Maciver, 9 Aird. His father was notified of his death, when his ship, s.s. "Sarnia" went down on 12th September. Some time after, his mother received a letter, written by himself, and dated 12th September, 1918. This raised some faint hopes of the possibility of his survival, but such was not the case. He went down with his ship. When the Armistice was signed in November all breathed a sigh of relief, hoping and thinking that no further casualties would fall to be recorded. Towards the end of December there was a flutter of excitement and suppressed happiness at the prospect of the homecoming of so many for the Xmas leave. Alas ! alas ! how appallingly sudden and tragical were those hopes dashed to pieces when, on New Year's morning, the "Iolaire" with one fell swoop, carried with it, almost in a twinkling, into the depths of the sea, some 200 of the flower of our Lewis manhood. What seems to make this calamity more poignant is that those brave fellows were lost just outside the entrance into Stornoway Harbour—practically at their own door steps. Like the rest of the Island, West Uig suffered heavily in this disaster. Uigen lost two of her finest lads, Brenish lost other two of her best, and Crowlista lost six—all picked men, remarkable for their virtue, their wisdom, and their excellence of disposition and character.

The villages of the Crulivig School area, out of a population of 81 males had 31 men on service. Crulivig gave 16 men to the Army and Navy, including 1 Canadian, 1 Australian, and 3 U.S. Army. Three made the supreme sacrifice—Malcolm Macleod (No. 1), who was killed in October, 1915 ; Kenneth Ferguson (No. 6), Seaforths, died December, 1917 ; and John Ferguson (No. 6), U.S. Army, killed 1918: Sergt. Angus Ferguson (No. 6), Canadians, was severly wounded and taken prisoner at St. Julien. His left leg was amputated in Germany, and in 1915 he "was exchanged for a German prisoner of war. The township of Lundale gave 13 men to the service of the Country, of whom no fewer than 5 laid down their lives. It is questionable if there is a heavier percentage of losses in any other village in the Island. Three sons of Mr Norman Macaulay (No. 3), made the supreme sacrifice, namely, John (Seaforths), killed in Flanders; Angus (Seaforths), killed in Mesopotamia; and Donald (R.N.R.), drowned at sea. No less than 7 sons of Mr Donald Macleod (No. 5) were on service, and two of them were killed—Rodk., Seaforths, in March, 1915, and Angus in December, 1917.

We can only express sympathy with the bereaved, gratitude to those who have fought well and returned, and reverence and grateful memory of those who have sacrificed their lives in defence of their country and their beloved. It must be a consolation to all that these sacrifices were not in vain, but that the end for which our men fought and died has been achieved, that the cause of Right, Freedom and Truth has been vindicated, and that civilization has been freed from the incubus of a false "Kultur" which meant brutality, oppression and wrong.

Village number serving (number dead) percentage
Brenish 27 (8) 29.6%
Islivig 7 (1) 14.3%
Mangersta 15 (2) 13.3%
Crowlista 57 (13) 22.8%
Aird 18 (3) 16.7%
Valtos 63 (10) 15.9%
Cliff 3 (0)
Kneep 27 (4) 14.8%
Uigen 6 (2) 33.3%
Carishader 15 (2) 13.3%
Geshader 23 (2) 8.7%
Ungishader 7 (0)
Enaclete 13 (2) 15.4%
Crulivig 16 (3) 18.8%
Lundale 13 (5) 38.5%
Earshader 2 (0)

M. MACLEOD.
Crowlista Schoolhouse.

Bernera School District

John N Macleod
Alasdair Mor
BERNERA SCHOOL DISTRICT
(Breaclet, Kirkibost, Tobson and Hacklet.)
Population last Census, 730 ; (Males, 338 ; Females, 392).

THE Editor of "Loyal Lewis" Roll of Honour has asked me to write a short preface to the honourable list of the heroes of the Great War from the Bernera School District.

I am not a Lewisman by birth, but I began my scholastic career in the island of Bernera over twenty years ago, and since I have been associated with the island through many ties of friendship and sentiment, and for that reason very much value the privilege afforded to me by the devoted editor of "Loyal Lewis" on this occasion.

Bernera is an island held fast within the eternal grasp of Loch Roag. To some it might be the "Ultima Thule" of Eilean an Fhraoich, but though owing to its geographical position, it may be somewhat removed from the bigger centres of activity throughout the parent island, still it has charms and attractions peculiar to itself, and the people who inhabit it have maintained untarnished many of the excellent traits of friendship, hospitality, and devotion to one another, which have been the hall mark of the genuine Highlander of by-gone days.

The land is poor, but the inexhaustible resources of the boundless Atlantic, which continually worries its shores, have proved through the ages the very staff of life of the islanders. The sea, therefore, plays an all important part in the life of the people ; it is mysteriously entwined in their speech and song, and its varying moods govern their daily tasks. Every man is an expert fisherman; in fact, a past
master in that calling, for it is generally admitted that when a Bernera crew cannot face Callanish or
Tob na Muille, no other "sgioba" need unfurl a sail. This profound love of the sea is fully evident when one reads over the lists of those gallant heroes from Bernera who willingly faced the grim foe
in the strife for righteousness.

The vast majority of them chose to defend our seas. True, many of them were in the ranks of the R.N.R. in pre-war days, but as the clouds of war grew darker and darker, and as the need for men became daily more clamant, the young men from every village and from almost every house in the island, without any hesitation and without any form of conscription, joined our glorious Navy, and their sea training from their boyhood soon made them experts in all duties pertaining to the defenders of our shores and the watchers of the mighty deep.

Those who chose the Army gave an equally fine account of their bravery and daring, and their ranks shared in the many distinctions and honours won by our men on many a hard-fought field.

A perusal of the lists from Bernera is a very real interest to me. Many of those who names are enshrined there have been at one time my school pupils, and the majority of the rest are well known to me. Joy and sorrow spring up almost simultaneously in my heart as I scan each page. I rejoice to see that such a large number have come back to their dear ones bearing the palm of victory, and my genuine sympathy pours forth to the bereaved whoso homes contain vacant chairs which can never be filled. Where the band of heroes is so great and where each has played his part so nobly and so well, it would be unjust of a person like me to carve special niches here and there singled out for a few select ones. I prefer to think of them as one noble band whose deeds deserve a very honourable place in the roll of "Loyal Lewis."

B'e mo mhiann mar sin a' chlach bheag so a chur air an carra-cuimhe, agus is e durachd mo chridhe gu'n bi sinne a bhios ag altrum an cuimhne, a' co-chumadh ar beatha ann a leithid de dhoigh agus gu'm bi sinn airidh air na sochairean mora a dh' oibrich iad-san a mach dhuinn air muir agus air kir. Mo bheannachd buan aca uile.

JOHN N. MACLEOD.
Errogie Schoolhouse, Inverness

Breasclet School District

John Smith
Breasclet School
BREASCLET SCHOOL DISTRICT.
(Breasclet and Callanish.)
Population last Census, 696 (Males, 335; Females, 361).

WHEN the peace of that memorable Sunday in August, 1914, was broken by the issue of mobilisation summons to men connected with the Navy and Army, great activity on the part of the men and consternation on the part of parents was noticeable throughout the district.

Hurried calls of farewell were made, and with optimism the youthful heroes under a sense of duty departed. Alas! some never to return. The dogged determination of the Highlander is 'to fight and grapple with your enemy to the death.'

No doubt many thought they saw an opportunity opening to them to add to the magnificent fighting record of Lewismen who had participated in previous wars.

Subsequent events proved that we were all in the dark as to the preparedness and military strength of our allied enemies. We paid dearly throughout the grim struggle which was conducted on novel modern lines of warfare.

Pride at the part played by Lewismen, with other gallant Highlanders, in France, and our Navymen on sea is commingled with grief felt for those who have lost their dear ones in the various regions to which the world war spread.

We have also with us "physical wrecks," mementoes of the marvellous skill displayed by our army of doctors and nurses who gave of their best in connection with the war.

Our pity is extended to those gallant fellows whose health has been ruined, or whose injuries to head or limb render them unfit and unable to follow out their respective occupation in pre-war days.

From the township of Breasclet, 100 men gave military service in one form or another, but almost all in connection with the Navy. Of these 20 made the supreme sacrifice. Aulay Macaulay, 28 Breasclet, was the first to fall, and soon after Kenneth Macaulay, 3 Breasclet, was reported to be lost with H.M.S. Clan Macnaughton. How and where this ship was lost is unknown.

Neil Maciver, 40 Breasclet, lost two sons. Angus Macaulay, Breasclet, had five sons on service, and one of these was lost.

New Park's contingent was 7 men, and these survived the critical days of the war.

Callanish out of 67 service men lost 16, or 24 per cent.
Finlay Maclean, 21 Callanish, lost three sons ; the late Louis Mackenzie, (1) and Angus Maclean (18) respectively two sons. These boys were all reared in the very shadow of the widefamed Druidical Stones of Callanish—monuments of the remote past apt to direct the youthful mind towards the prowess and energy of their ancestors as evidenced in the erection of these mysterious stones

JOHN SMITH.

Duncarloway School District

John Macarthur
DUNCARLOWAY SCHOOL DISTRICT.
(Tolsta Chaolais and Doune.)
Population last Census, 387 [Males, 182; Females, 205].

THE peace of the Sabbath is happily not often disturbed as on that memorable August morning in 1914 when the postman delivered mobilization notices calling up the Royal Nava1 Reserve in defence of their country.

The noble lads quietly donned their uniforms ; with grave faces well knowing the strength of their foe and the preparation which he had made in previous years for the coming conflict. Their determination and willingness to fight in the cause of freedom and the quiet confidence in ultimate victory marked on their brave and noble faces encouraged the mothers, wives, and sisters, and made the parting less sore.

Henceforth the varying fortunes of war were eagerly and intelligently followed by the home folk in the official bulletins issued through the local post-offices.

Not long after their departure from their quiet homes they were searching distant seas for enemy ships and fighting in the trenches in France. Several were wounded in the first rush of the Germans for Paris, but were again in the fighting line before the spring offensive in 1915, when the first of them laid down their lives.

On the 27th April, 1915, Donald Macgregor, Tolsta, and Donald Maclean, Doune, fell in action. Next month came news of the death in action of four brave lads : Norman Macleod, Tolsta, a victim of the first use of poison gas by the Germans ; Donald Macleod ; Murdo Maclean from Doune : and Sergt. Malcolm Macleod, Tolsta. This latter had a splendid record of service having been through the South African War and several campaigns on the North-West Frontier of India. A nobler man or a more daring soldier it would be hard to meet. The ranks of our local heroes were again thinned in the advance on the Somme on 1st July, 1916, when John Macleod and Sergt. Murdo Macgregor made the supreme sacrifice.

In the subsequent years of the war the hearts of fond mothers in this district were pierced by bullets fired on the plains of Flanders and in Mesopotamia, where Neil Morrison, Doune, laid down his life
for freedom and justice.

Altogether the number of men from this school district who served in the war was ninety-eight, or 25 per cent, of the population.

The following table shows the relation of the fatalities to the number of men serving : —

Village: Serving / Killed / Percentage.
Doune: 39 / 7 / 17.9
Tolsta: 59 / 7 / 11.9

We are proud of the reply of our school district to the call of humanity and justice. We are also profoundly thankful that our noble lads have helped to attain the ideal for which they fought so valiantly, and that once more right has triumphed over might.

To those who mourn the loss of near relations it will be their chief consolation that they have been sacrificed in establishing righteousness and justice amongst mankind.

JOHN MACARTHUR, 8 Tolsta Chaolais.

Carloway School District

Ranald Macdonald, JP, FEIS
Carloway Schoolhouse
CARLOWAY SCHOOL DISTRICT.
(Carloway, Park Carloway, Garenin, Knock, Kirivick and Borroston,)
Population last Census, 1026 (Males, 484; Females, 542.)

WE all remember the startling effect of the King's Mobilisation Order when read in the churches on that memorable Sabbath in August, 1914. Animated by a high sense of duty the Naval Reservemen of the district manifested their loyalty and patriotism by their prompt and hearty response to the Royal Summons. In no single instance was there any hanging back. On the contrary the gallant men with eager and buoyant step were early on the road to report themselves at Stornoway.

With equal alacrity and ardour did the soldiers answer their call "To Arms." With commendable devotion the young men who had emigrated from the district to the Colonies, rallied manfully to the aid of the Motherland in the hour of its direst need.

It has also to be recorded that each township, greatly to its credit, contributed its own contingent of intelligent and wellequipped young women, who rendered valuable service as munition workers.

Sergeant Angus Macdonald, a gallant soldier of the Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders, was the first to make the supreme sacrifice.

It wasn't long, however, until there began to arrive in rapid succession, the painful tidings of the death of beloved ones.

The "Iolaire" disaster on that fateful New Year's morning was the crowning tragedy of the war for Lewis, when some 200 choice brave men were sacrificed. In that sad disaster Carloway lost six,  bringing the total of killed and wounded for the district to 52.

As the official intimations of the killed and drowned in the course of the war, arrived, the grief and sorrow awakened were naturally intense, but the stricken families bore their cruel bereavement with
becoming resignation, while their chastened and meek outward demeanour betokened the depth and poignancy of their sense of loss and sorrow.

The Roll stands as follows :—
Population of District—1100. Percentage on War Service—24.3.

Townships. Roll of Honour. Dead.
Carloway 77 17
Carloway (Park) 27 9
Knock 59 5
Garenin 44 9
Kirivick 32 9
Borroston 29 3
268 52

Honours Won
3 Distinguished Conduct Medals.
1 Distinguished Service Medal.
5 Military Medals.
1 Royal Humane Society Medal for Life-Saving.


Schoolhouse, Carloway.
RANALD MACDONALD, J.P., F.E.IS.
(Headmaster 1881-1920).

Shawbost School District

SHAWBOST SCHOOL DISTRICT.
(North Shawbost, Carnan Street, South Shawbost and New Shawbost.)
Population last Census, 913 (Males, 408; Females, 505).

LIKE all other districts in the Lewis the villages of the Shawbost area readily responded to the call, and their sons came from all parts of the world to help stem the tide of barbarism which threatened to overwhelm western civilisation. Out of a population of 408 males, 48 per cent, served in his Majesty's land and sea forces, and the number of decorations and promotions earned testify to the fighting qualities of these sons of the soil.

Two Reservemen, viz., Murdo Mackay, 55 North Shawbo&t, and Colin Mackay, 20 North Shawbost, were awarded the D.S.M., and a young naval engineer, Murdo Macleod, 50 North Shawbost, was awarded the D.S.M. for bravery in Jutland Battle. In the land forces Capt. Murdo Macphail, 8 South Shawbost, was awarded the D.C.M. and the French M.M. Sergt. -Major Donald Macleod, 27 South, the M.M., and was several times mentioned in despatches. Corpl. Angus Murray, 43 South Shawbost (Canadians) was also awarded the M.M., and Sgt.-Major Kenneth Macleod of 45 South Shawbost was awarded the D.C.M. Sergt. D. Maoiver (Canadians), Carnan House, had the honour of being several times mentioned in despatches.

It is sad to relate that some of those who earned these decorations did not live to wear them, and indeed the district lost a large percentage of her gallant boys on sea and land. The village of North Shawbost lost twelve, two at sea and ten in the land forces. South Shawbost lost eight and New Shawbost five. To these again must be added the eleven brave men who lost their lives in sight of home in the ill-fated "Iolaire."

NORTH SHAWBOST,
JOHN MACMILLAN.
Schoolhouse, Shawbost.

Bragar School District

T. S. Rennie
Bragar School
BRAGAR SCHOOL DISTRICT.
(Arnol, North Bragar and South Bragar.)
Population last Census, 1055: (Males, 490; Females, 565).

ON South Bragar fell heavily the sad "Iolaire" disaster. Seven of the finest men and smartest seamen on the West Side were lost that morning, leaving in every case helpless dependents to mourn their loss.

The township is proud of Lieut. Alex. Finlayson, R.N.R., 53 S. Bragar. Originally a teacher he turned to the mercantile marine. He qualified as mate and as captain as fast as the regulations would allow. When war broke out he offered his services and experience to the Government, and was soon in command of a squadron of trawlers and mine-sweepers patrolling the English Channel and North Sea. For his able work there he was awarded the D.S.C.

Sergt. Donald Macaulay, A.I.F., also distinguished himself and earned the M.M. and D.C.M. Unfortunately he lost his right arm, and is now at home in 43 South Bragar as cheery and bright as ever.

Another South Bragar man, Pte. Don. Finlayson, of the Canadians, brother of Lieut. Finlayson, carried to his Canadian home the Military Medal, earned by distinguished bravery in France.

From South Bragar 94 men were on service, and 21 made the supreme sacrifice:

—Officers—
1 Lieut., R.N.R. ;
1 Lieut., Army.

Decorations—
1 D.S.C. ,
1 D-C.M.,
2 M.M.'s,
and Stars in most cases.

North Bragar has also done its little bit and the township has honourable scars to show, and, alas, empty places to lament.

Among the veterans Murdo Mackay, 7 North Bragar, holds a commission as Captain in the Newfoundland Contingent. He was one of the Regular Army and retired years ago, but when the need came he was there as keen as a young 'un. In his army days Captain Mackay was a fine all-round athlete and held the belt for years as champion boxer in the Scottish Command. Both overseas and at home he rendered valuable services and was a deservedly popular officer.

Pte. Angus Macleod, 36 North Bragar, won the M.M., and was recommended for the Croix de Guerre for special bravery on the field on the Somme in July. 1916. Twice wounded and once gassed this gallant "Contemptible" was through the whole war and carries his hard-earned Mons Star and M.M. with characteristic modesty.

Colin Mackay, R.N.R. , of 4 North Bragar, has by his gallantry and devotion to duty won the D.S-M.

The "Iolaire" disaster also claimed its victims and one of the most popular and likeable lads of the
village, Murdo Mackay, R.N.R., 7 North Bragar, perished. From this village 66 joined the Colours and 5 lost their lives.

Officers—
1 Captain and 1 Lieutenant, R.A.F.

Decorations—
1 D.S.M.

The gallant little township of Arnol shows a very fine record.

Ninety men were on service and of these sixteen gave their lives for King and Country. Four commissioned officers gave honour to their township,

1 Lieut.-Colonel, 1 Captain (Chaplain), and 2 Army Lieutenants, one of whom, not content with fighting the enemy on terra firma joined the R.A.F. and qualified as an air pilot.

One D.S.O., two D.C.M.'s, one M.C. and one M.M., with a host of Stars, speak for the bravery and efficiency of the Arnol boys.

T. S. RENNIE
Schoolhouse, Bragar.

Barvas School District

John Macmillan
Schoolhouse, Shawbost

BARVAS SCHOOL DISTRICT
(Barvas Park, Lower Barvas, Upper Barvas and Brue.)
Population last Census, 691 (Males, 339; Females, 352).

IT is with mingled feelings of sorrow and pride that we recall the years which have passed since that August morning when the peace of the Sabbath was so rudely disturbed by the distribution of mobilisation notices—forerunners of many anxious days to come: sorrow when we remember the comrades of our youth and those of a later day who were to us as children, and are now numbered with the dead, and pride when we recollect how the traits which we admired in those and the qualities we sought to develop in these bore such splendid fruit in the day of a nation's trial.

Like the rest of the Lewis villages Barvas and Brue were drained of the major portion of their manhood in the first week of the war, and very soon afterwards the inhabitants were made poignantly aware of the fact that war is no children's game by the news of the death in action on the 15th September of Pte. Angus Paterson, a boy of seventeen, who had joined the army in the previous year. Next month came the fall of Antwerp in which nine of our men were involved, and of whom five were interned in Holland, while the other four suffered the privations of four years' internment in Germany.

One of the Brue lads was lost in the blowing up of H.M.S. Bulwark in November, and in December Norman Matheson, Lower Barvas, and Sergt. Donald Allan Finlayson, Brue, were killed in France— the latter had joined his Majesty's Forces before he was sixteen years of age—so that within four months of the declaration of war quite an appreciable percentage of the young men of the district had given their lives in the world fight for freedom.

The loss of the Viknor in the early part of 1915 opened up anew the sores of the previous year, and in April came word of the death in action of Pte. Alex. Hunter, the first to fall of that gallant band of our young men who, in the far North-West, heard the call of the Mother Country, and rushed to aid her
in her sore distress.

The year 1916 was a disastrous one for these dauntless heroes of the prairie and in the autumn of that year fell Kenneth Maclean, Colin Smith and Neil Murray, the latter of whom had crossed to France with the first contingent of Princess Patricia's Light Infantry in 1914.

By the end of the following year practically all of the young men of the district who were connected with the Cameron Highlanders had either fallen in action or were discharged unfit, and the fact that one of their number, Sergt. Donald Macleod, 1 Upper Barvas, was awarded the D.C.M. testifies to the gallantry with which they upheld the glorious traditions of that famous regiment.

The final year of the war further depleted the number of those who came over from Canada, and, with the death in action of Ptes. Norman Macdougall and Norman Macleod, forty per cent, of their number had fallen. In this year also fell that promising and brilliant young student, Sergt. Finlay Maciver, and Sergt. Allan J. Morrison who had taken part in all the principal engagements of the war, had been twice wounded and had been awarded the D.C.M., was reported missing on the 11th April. It afterwards transpired that he had been left on the field suffering from twelve bullet wounds. He had accounted for many a Hun and they had their revenge at last.

In all the principal sea fights the men of this district took a part ; they helped to sink the Cap Trafalgar, to destroy Von Spee's squadron off the Falklands, and at the battle of Jutland two of them went down with the Invincible. The following awards for bravery testify to excellent behaviour in action : —

The Serbian gold medal was awarded by the Sovereign of that gallant little nation to Gunner Donald Mackay, 9 Upper Barvas, Ross Mountain Battery.

The Military Medal was awarded to Pte. Colin Macdonald, 2 Brue (Seaforths), who single-handed captured eleven Germans and worked a Lewis gun until it was knocked out by a German shell.

Sergt. Donald Macleod, 1 Upper Barvas, Camerons, won the D.C.M. for conspicuous bravery in action, and Sergt. Allan J. Morrison (Seaforths) the D.C.M. for conspicuous gallantry in refusing to surrender his platoon, and subsequently taking them safely out of what appeared a hopeless situation.

From the village of Brue in which there are twenty-eight crofts fifty-seven men were on active service, or an average of two men from each croft—a fact well worth noting by our future politicians. Forty-two per cent, of the male population of the whole district served and of these twenty-one per cent, gave their lives—trulv an honourable record for a people whose love of peace and order is exceeded only by their love of justice and freedom.

JOHN MACMILLAN.
Schoolhouse, Shawbost.

Airidhantuim School District

AIRIDHANTUIM SCHOOL DISTRICT.
(Lower Shader, Upper Shader, Ballantrushal, Borve and Mid Borve.)
Population last Census, 1153 (Males, 530 : Females, 623).

THIS District embraces the scattered villages of Ballantrushal, Upper and Lower Shader, Borve and Mid-Borve. The advent of the Great War in August, 1914, summoned the men of these villages to take their stand in the Empire's defence, and they all loyally responded. Young and old were to be seen in the throng—men who had seen active service in many parts of the world, and mere striplings who had hardly ever heard the shot of a gun in their lives before.

Close upon 200 men from the district were at the post of duty by the end of the first week, and the number steadily increased as the days and weeks went by. Many "went down to the sea in ships," but the greater part by far were militiamen, and their lot was cast amidst the greater scenes of horror and destruction on the bloody fields of France and Flanders. Before the end of August many of the brave lads had taken their part in helping to stem the onrush of the Hun, and in this connection it may be
interesting to note that Roderick Macleay, 14 Ballantrushal, was among the first draft of the infantry that crossed to France Draft after draft followed, each containing its quota of the district's lads,
until, by the end of September, all who were of military age found themselves in the trenches. There were several instances, however, in which the soldier was only about 16 years of age. One interesting case may be quoted. John Macdonald, 6 Mid Borve, joined the Militia while still of school age : in fact, he was only about 13 years old. He was called up at the outbreak of war and sent to France when he was just 15. He stoutly and persistently refused to be recalled home as being under age, and in
clue time he was promoted to the rank of Sergeant and awarded the Military Medal, the true reward of so brave a soldier.

The old folk left at home, who had, naturally, at first been thrown into confusion, began now to take a keen interest in the various phases of the war. The glorious and memorable action off Trinidad between the "Carmania" and the "Cap Trafalgar" first brought home in a real sense the fact that we were at war with an enemy as cruel and remorseless as ever drew the sword, for among the casualties on that occasion was Donald Macleay, 14 Upper Shader, a man with many years in the Naval Reserve to his credit. He was so grievously wounded that both his right arm and right leg had to be amputated. His life was for long despaired of, and his recovery has been a marvel to the surgeons and nurses who tended him in his illness.

The first man to fall in battle was Lance-Corpl. Charles Macleod, Gordon Highlanders, son of Mr John Macleod, 11 Ballantrusbal, who fell at Ypres on the 11th October, 1914, at the age of 19. He was a lad who typified in a wonderful degree the extraordinarily fine characteristics that distinguish the British soldier. He was so strong, so brave, so fearless, and withal so modest. The sacrifice of his beautiful life in defence of his King and country, and of the old folk at home, created a deep and abiding impression.

Those left, however, continued to fight with magnificent dash and valour, and this was exemplified by the award to them of numerous war decorations. In addition to quite an exceptional number of 1914 Stars, the district can boast of one D.C.M., awarded to Corpl. Norman Mackenzie, Seaforths, 10 Mid-Borve; a D.S.M. to Alexander Macdonald, R.N.R., 1 Park. Borve; a Meritorious Service Medal to Sergt. -Major John Maclean, Seaforths, 5 Ballantrusbal, and Military Medals to Corpl John Macdonald, Camerons, 22 Ballantrushal; Norman Macleay, Canadians, 10 Ballantrusbal; Wm. Smith, Gordons, 29 Lower Shader ; Sergt. John Macdonald, Gordons, 6 Mid Borve; and to the late Sergt. -Major Alexander Smith, Seaforths, 15 Ballantrushal, and the late Sergt. Malcolm Mackenzie, Camerons, 1 Mid Borve. Two men from the district held commissions in the R.F.A., while another was a Lieutenant and Quartermaster in the Seaforths. Still another, the Rev. Dr Isaac Macdonald, was a chaplain to the Canadians with the rank of Captain.

When all the families in the district did so well it would perhaps be invidious to make mention of individual households. There are one or two outstanding cases, however, worthy of note. Of the family of the late Mr John Martin, 33 Lower Shader, six sons took their share in the Empire's defence, and one of them died on service in December, 1918. Five sons of Mr Murdo Smith, 29 Lower Shader, responded to the call, and two of them made the; supreme sacrifice in France, while another was seriously wounded and awarded the Military Medal. Of thosei of our lads who had the misfortune to fall as prisoners into the hands of the Huns little can be said save that they were treated with the same system of wanton brutality as was usually the lot of those in their position. They themselves are rather reticent about their experiences, but their emaciated bodies tell the tale. Three men from the district who formed part of the Naval Brigade sent to the relief of Antwerp in 1914 were captured during the retreat, while several others had the same misfortune in France during the following years.

Alas ! that with this splendid record of military glory and enterprise, the toll of life from this district has been exceedingly heavy. In every theatre in which the forces of Britain were engaged in the conflict many of our boys bravely scaled "the toppling crags of duty," only to meet on the top the shadow that sits and waits for all. And all the seven seas increased the toll. Of 52 men on service from Ballantrushal, 15 (or 29 per cent.) gave their lives. 58 men from Upper Shader were on service, and 12 (or 21 per cent.) laid down their lives. 71 men from Lower Shader were engaged, and 17 (or 24 per cent-) made the supreme sacrifice. Of 65 men from Borve, 16 (or 25 per cent.) did not return. In the case of Mid Borve, 18 men were on service, and three fell in France, making a percentage of 17. Four families in Ballantrushal each lost two sons. In Lower Shader there were also four similar cases. In Borve there were three families which each gave two sons.

With the cessation of hostilities in November, people breathed a sigh of relief. No more would the cold official notice conveying the details of the death of someone near and clear come to the district. Already the Borve and Shader losses had been distressingly heavy, but the blow dealt by the loss of the "Iolaire" on the black and never-to-be-forgotten morning of January 1st put all the* previous losses in the shade. The utter prostration and stupefaction that benumbed people on this occasion was incredible. From the Airidhantuim district six men perished that night. Peculiarly pathetic and worthy of special mention was the death of Gunner Malcolm Matheson, R.N.R.T., 10 Upper Shader. As a special reservist in the Seaforth Highlanders he was called to the colours on the outbreak of war, and sent to France towards the end of 1914. There he fought valiantly through all the hot battles of 1915, and, for his gallant conduct at Ypres, was mentioned in Sir John French's despatches. Towards the end of 1915, he was transferred to Mesopotamia, where he suffered all the horrors incidental to that dread climate. In 1916 he was seriously wounded—so seriously that he was temporarily discharged. Anxious to do his bit again, he re-enlisted in the Trawler Section of the R.N.R., and after successfully passing through a course of gunnery at Chatham, was sent to sea as a Gunner on ELM. Trawler "Iceland." Here once again he gave a good account of himself. While patrolling in the North Sea one day, two German Zeppelins were observed making for the English Coast. Matheson at once engaged them, and after a protracted fight eventually succeeded in bringing them both down, whereupon their crews were made prisoners. The fact that he perished within a few yards of his beloved Island made the circumstances of his death all the more poignant. But he died as indeed he lived, faithful and loyal—one of Nature's gentlemen.

Let us always hold in the deepest veneration and ever keep green the memory of "the brave that are no more." By their sacrifices they made possible the triumph of Right over Might, and the establishment of Righteousness, justice and peace amongst the nations of the world. Who can forget their lovable personalities, their sterling worth and their steadfastness of purpose ? Fighting for the emancipation of the world, gladly they toiled, gladly they suffered, and gladly they made the last great sacrifice of all, that "the thousand wars of old may give place to the thousand years of peace."

JOHN MACKENZIE.
(Formerly Schoolhouse, Airidhantuim)

Cross School District

R. J. Fenton
Cross School
CROSS SCHOOL DISTRICT.
(South Dell, North Dell, Cross and Swanibost.)
(Population last Census, 1146; Males, 521; Females, 625.)

WHEN the War broke out the natives of Cross District, both in the home townships and from the most distant parts of the world, answered bravely to the call. They came from Australia and South Africa, from New Zealand and from the far North West of Canada. They were found on every British front in Europe, Asia, or Africa. A large number served on two or more different fronts in France and Mesopotamia, in the Dardanelles, Egypt and Salonika, in France and Italy. Several had almost miraculous escapes, as a perusal of the Roll will show ; some were wounded many times and are still alive and well; a few went through it all without a scratch.

We meet these survivors daily. They have "done their bit"—and a right brave and noble "bit" it was in the case of many —lads and men who have been through the very hottest of the fighting : who had fallen into, and made their escape from, the hands of the Hun ; who had been picked up from the water after their ships had been torpedoed : or who had survived the "Iolaire" disaster. We can hardly imagine, as we see them going about their daily occupations, that they lately came from scenes so terrible. Who shall ever forget that it was through these and such as these, and the comrades they left, alas, "on the other side," that to-day we still breathe the breath of freedom.

The record of Cross District is a proud one and a sad one —so many fought for the Cause ; so many died for it. The 247 men serving from the district was drawn from the different townships as follows:-

Swanibost, 36 Navy, 37 Army;
Cross, 24 Navy, 23 Army;
North Dell, 10 Navy, 23 Army;
South Dell and Aird Dell, 47 Navy, 47 Army:
showing percentages of 47 of the male population and 21.4 of the total population.

The number of lives lost were as follows: —
Swanibost, 7 Navy, 6 Army;
Cross, 3 Navy, 4 Army;
North Dell, 6 Army ;
South Dell and Aird Dell, 9 Navy, 18 Army—a total of 53.

There were five cases of double bereavement.
Mr Donald Mackay, 20 Cross, lost two sons—Angus and William—in Mesopotamia in 1916.

Donald and Murdo Macdonald, sons of Mr John Macdonald, 13 Swanibost, perished together in the illfated "Iolaire."

That great disaster also claimed Malcolm Macleod, 28 Swanibost, whose brother, Sergt. John Macleod, Seaforths, was killed in France, March, 1918.

On 9th May, 1915, Murray Murrav, 5 South Deli, fell in France, and his brother Donald Murray, was killed 13th October, 1916

Roderick and John Murray, 2* South Dell, both died of wounds.
Three men from 19 South Dell were drowned—Alexander, Finlay, and Angus' Morrison.

R. J. FENTON.

Lionel School District

Gordon Macleod
Port of Ness Post Office
LIONEL SCHOOL DISTRICT.
(Habost, Lionel, Fivepenny, Eoropie, Adabrock, Eorodale, Port of Ness, Knockaird and Skigersta.)
Population last Census, 1996; (Males, 911 ; Females, 1085).

THE hour of testing caine and our men were ready. I mean the men of Lewis whom I knew and know. Meantime I have before my notice men included in the Lionel School Area, of whom I shall attempt a short sketch.

In that first week in August, 1914, many of our men and lads were engaged at the East Coast fishings, where they heard and answered the call of their country. Many of them left for home to receive their mobilisation instructions, arriving in Stornoway on Saturday, 8th August. There being no conveyances available, the men lost not a moment but set out and walked across the moor to their homes, a distance of over twenty miles. After snatching a few hours much needed rest, those who were attached to the Army Special Reserve embarked next morning (Sunday) on board the drifter "Fraserburgh," of Hull, whose skipper kindly volunteered to take the men to Stornoway. From there they left for their several destinations. Alas, how very few of that stalwart band returned ! From the Lionel School area 390 answered the call and served in all the branches of the Service. Of these 91 made the supreme sacrifice. Military Medals awarded, 4; D.S.M., 1 ; D.C.M., 1 ; M.C., 1 ; Russian Cross of the Order of St George, 1 : Silver Medal of the Royal Humane Society, 1; and many 1914 Stars; officers, 2 (Lieuts.)

It was certainly cheering for the friends to see the lads depart in such high spirits, and week after week letters were received from all over the world telling of their coming home to take part in the struggle. One young
lad wrote banteringly to his mother, "We are en route ; expect me home when we settle the Germans." Another lad wrote, "We embark to-morrow. I am pleased and proud to come and strike a blow for the dear old country." Such is the spirit in which our lads answered the call to arms.

The tension during these years was somewhat allayed in this district by a daily official telegram which was received at Port of Ness P.O., and hung up for the public to read. Large numbers waited daily for that telegram and went to their homes joyful or otherwise, but always hopeful of final victory. No wonder the 11th November, 1918, is a day to be remembered. The signing of the Armistice brought tears of joy and outbursts of thankfulness, and little we then thought that we had yet to suffer the most crushing event of the war—the wreck of H.M.Y. "Iolaire" on New Year's morning, 1919. We were for a time unable to comprehend its vastness, but we now know that we still stagger under that overwhelming crash. Words are inadequate to describe our feelings. The Lionel School area lost 17 gallant seamen. Many of them were coming home discharged, and we and they predicted a bright future, but such is the irony of fate. John F. Macleod from this district is the lad who swam ashore with a line and succeeded in securing the hawser which was attached to it, so that many lives were saved; indeed, almost all who were saved owe their lives to the heroic efforts of this young man. Donald Morrison, also from this district, was the last survivor of the "Iolaire." For eight hours he clung to the mast until rescued next morning, exhausted, but able to assist himself down the mast and into the small boat that took him off his perilous position.

Post Office. Port of Ness.

North Tolsta School District

Duncan Macdonald
North Tolsta Schoolhouse
NORTH TOLSTA SCHOOL DISTRICT.
(North Tolsta and Glen Tolsta.)
 Population last Census, 853 (Males, 400; Females, 453).

THERE is a general impression amongst strangers that it was because the men of Lewis had, prior to the war, been in either the Royal Naval Reserve or the Militia, that so many of them answered the call of King and Country. But from August to December, 1914, in spite of the large number of her men already on active service, Lewis contributed as liberally as any other part of the British Isles. By nature reticent and not ready
to proclaim his patriotism on the housetops, the Lewisman can be depended on to do his duty in his country's hour of need. When the call came to him he did not hesitate, but at once loyally responded.

The district of North Tolsta did magnificently. The population at last Census was 853—400 males and 453 females. The number of men on active service was 231, equivalent to 27 per cent, of the total and 58 per cent, of the males. This record is hard to beat—even in Loyal Lewis. One hundred and twenty-seven men
wesre called up by mobilisation. Since the beginning of the war no fewer than 104 men enlisted either in the Army or in the Navy. Over 75 per cent, of them had voluntarily enlisted before the Military Act was introduced. Fifty -two enlisted before the end of 1914, twenty-three others joined in 1915, and twenty-nine in the years 1916, 1917, and 1918.

This village had responded so well by the end of 1916 that supposing the military age had been then raised to 45 no additional man could have been obtained. The hamlet of Glen Tolsta with a population of 40, had ten men on active service, and of these seven enlisted between August and December, 1914.

A large number of young men joined before they reached military age, as well as many others who were over 50 years of age. A lad of sixteen whose father was in the army enlisted on hearing of the death of his eldest
brother in France. Another man holding an important appointment in the South, when he heard of the death of his youngest brother, at once enlisted in his brother's battalion to fill up the gap. A lad of sixteen who was in the Militia at the outbreak of the war told his father that there was no use trying to get him out of the army, "for," said he, "I am determined to go to the front." To the front he went and there he was wounded before he was 17, and killed at the age of 18. Another man who had spent many years in Canada enlisted in the Trawler Section of the Royal Naval Reserve although he was then 60 years of age. Several men travelled at their own expense from Western Canada to join the Royal Naval Reserve. A sailor, who had gone through
the South African War, offered himself at the beginning of the war although he was then about 50 years of age. This man took part in the retreat from Mons and during the war was four times wounded in action.


Many other outstanding cases could be given.


The following particulars show the response made by several families in this district : —
Mrs John Campbell, No. 54, seven sons.
Mr Kenneth Campbell, No. 2, six sons and a son-in-law.
Mr Alex. Maciver, No. 25, five sons.
Mr Kenneth Macleod, No. 5C, five sons and three grandsons.
Mrs N. Macleod, No. 6, three sons, four sons-in-law and two brothers.
Mrs Macleod, No. 20, her husband, three stepsons, and four brothers.
Mr Murdo Mackay, No. 42, three sons, two brothers and a brother-in-law.
Mr Angus Macleod, No. 34, three sons and three sons-in-law.
Mrs D. Smith, No. 56, her husband, three sons and five brothers.
Mrs D. Macleod, No. 56, her husband, four brothers and four brothers-in-law
Mr J. Murray, No. 45, four sons and a son-in-iaw.
Mr M. Maciver, No. 26, four sons and two sons-in-law.
Mr J. Macmillan, Glen, four sons, two brothers and a son-in-law.
Mr D. Mackenzie, No. 73, three sons, two grandsons and a son-in-law.
Mr D. Macdonald, No. 48, three sons and three sons-in-law.
Widow Murrav, No. 4, three sons, three grandsons and two sons-in-law.
Widow Murray, No. 49, two sons, five grandsons and a son-in-law.
Widow A. Smith, No. 24, two sons, four grandsons, a son-in-law; and last, but not least,
Mrs John Campbell, (jun.), No. 54, who had her husband, six brothers and six brothers-in-law serving.

The last mentioned case is probably a record one. There are many others who have given several sons and near relatives, but want of space prevents further details. But the parents who have given their only sons have given their all just as well as those who have given several. They have all done what they could, and posterity will bless them for their noble sacrifice.

If Tolsta has responded nobly she has suffered severely. Fifty of her sons have made the supreme sacrifice— 27 belonging to the Royal Naval Reserve and 23 belonging to the various branches of the Army. This is equivalent to 21.6 per cent, of those serving. Of the sixteen Tolsta men on H.M.S. "Iolaire" on her ill-starred trip only five were saved. Who can describe the poignancy of that disaster ! These 50 men have left 19 widows, 54 fatherless children, and over 150 other dependants.

Widow John Campbeli, No. 54, lost three of her seven sons.
Mr K. Macleod, No. 56, lost three of his five sons.
Mr Malcolm Macleod, No. 58, lost two sons and two nephews.
Mr A. Murray, No. 49 (now residing in Stornoway), lost two sons.
Widow Colin Campbell, No. 47, lost her husband and eldest son.
Widow J. Macdonald, No. 12, lost her husband and only brother.
Widow J. Martin, No. 76, lost her only son, two sons-in-law and three nephews.
Mr Donald Macleod, Hill Street, and Mr Kenneth Morrison, No. 8, have lost their only sons.
Widow A. Murray, No. 49, lost three grandsons.

From this district there came: —
A Lieut. -Commander, two Warrant Officers, three Petty Officers, a Chaplain with U.S. Army, a Second-Lieutenant, and several Sergeants; also a Chief Carpenter.

Three Tolsta soldiers have won the Military Medal for bravery on the field, and one of the three was awarded the Croix de Guerre. A large number of men have received the 1914 Star.

It is worthy of note here that Widow J. Campbell, No. 54, whose seven sons were on active service at the beginning of hostilities, received in December, 1914, a special letter of congratulation from His Majesty the King. North Tolsta, like the other parts of the Empire, has reason to be proud of her sons at home and abroad. Happy is the nation whose people, are so steadfast and loyal when such a testing time comes.

"Rinn eascairdean treubhach bhur feuchainn gu cruaidh
Ach phill sibh gu leir iad, 's cha d'gheill 's cha do ghluais,
Cho duilich 'ur crathadh ri carraig 's a' chuan
A chumas buan charraid ri slachdraich nan stuadh."

DUNCAN MACDONALD.
Schoolhouse, North Tolsta.